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1905 Nobel Prize in Physics

  Gold medal of Nobel Prize Electron beam or Cathode rays are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes. In 1888 Lenard had done his first work with cathode rays when he was working at Heidelberg under Quincke. Lenard investigated the view then held by Hertz that cathode rays were analogous to ultraviolet light and Lenard did an experiment to find out whether cathode rays would pass through a quartz window in the wall of a discharge tube like ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet Light Lenard found that cathode rays wouldn't do that. But later in 1892, when he was working as an assistant to Hertz at the University of Bonn, Hertz called him to see the discovery he made that if a piece of uranium glass covered with aluminium foil put inside the discharge tube became luminous beneath the aluminium foil when the cathode rays struck it. Hertz suggested that by means of a thin plate of aluminium it would be possible to seperate two spaces, one in which the cathode rays are produced in ...
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1902 Nobel Prize in Physics

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When we look at the galaxies and nebulae, we can see various kinds of colours, which look like some artwork of an artist. Have you ever wondered about how scientists can tell with what kind of materials the stars and the nebulae are made of by only just looking at the sky with some fancy telescopes? Atomic spectrum makes it possible. Every element in the periodic table has its own atomic spectrum. So, when we have a spectrum of a star or nebula, by looking and matching the spectrum we can identify the elements with which our observing object is made of.

If we apply a strong magnetic field to the radiation or atomic spectrum, the spectrum will split into components. This effect of splitting the spectrum into components through the application of a magnetic field is called Zeeman Effect. Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman first observed this effect.

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There are applications of the Zeeman Effect, such as, measuring the magnetic field strength of the sun and other stars.

For experimentally discovering the effect of magnetic field on the atomic spectrum by Pieter Zeeman and for developing the theory on the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, the 1902 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded jointly to Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman.

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